[0:00] [Music] hello my name is aana and I'm the
[0:06] clinical lead for E surgery Welcome to our ealth matters podcast today I'm
[0:12] introducing co-founder of E surgery Dr Oscar hello Oscar how are you today
[0:18] hello I'm very well thank you thanks for having me on the podcast I'm very excited so my name is Oscar I have a PhD
[0:26] in medical research and I'm also a registered pharmacist my my area of interest is actually studying the role
[0:33] of hormones on aging and I've published several articles on this as well amazing
[0:40] um it's great to have an expert to shed some light on a very popular topic which is trt so let's start by what is trt
[0:48] yeah sure so trt stands for testostrone replacement therapy so that means
[0:54] putting external testosterone into someone's body so that could be in the
[0:59] form of tablets it can be in the form of injections or most commonly it's going to be in the form of a gel the gel is
[1:06] applied on the skin usually in the morning um now I think we do need to make the distinction between
[1:12] testosterone replacement which is putting you know external testosterone into some body and testosterone boosters
[1:19] because this is a question that we get quite often and what I mean by that is if you go on Google for example and you
[1:24] type in testosterone you're going to get a lot of herbal products and you're going to get a lot of supplements
[1:30] so there's a ton of herbal products that claim to booster to stop strong and there's also pharmaceutical prescription
[1:37] drugs that do so now I think people need to realize that the herbal products
[1:42] while they might work uh don't have the same amount of clinical evidence behind them as the prescription medication so
[1:50] things like HCG and anti-estrogens have been proven conclusively that they're
[1:56] going to increase testosterone that's really interesting so from what my understanding um what
[2:02] you're trying to say is that it's not so much that these her products are proven
[2:08] that's going to add anything to your testosterone levels they're nothing they're not replacing your testosterone
[2:13] but it is going to um enhance your existing testosterone release levels
[2:20] potentially so they work through various ways uh and there are some studies but
[2:25] the problem is they're quite small MH um and the issue with herbal products is they're not actually standardized so
[2:32] when you a lot of these products aren't at least so you don't really know exactly what you might be getting and
[2:37] you don't know whether it's actually going to be working um it's always best if you actually think that you might
[2:43] have an issue to get your testosterone check and then go with a product that we know is going to work for sure and we
[2:48] know going to we know the side effect profile and we know if it's not going to interact with any other medications you're taking which is another issue
[2:55] with herbal products absolutely so for the purpose of this podcast we are are just going to focus on the testosterone
[3:02] replacement therapy which is the prescription only medication um usually prescribed by a clinician so not what
[3:09] you buy off the internet so is low testosterone common in men to my
[3:14] understanding it would be uh the older you get the lower your testosterone testosterone levels will be um it's a
[3:21] very hard word to pronounce so that's true and what a lot of people don't
[3:26] realize it actually starts quite early mhm so at the age of 25 is when we see
[3:32] conclusively that your test option levels will go down uh and this is a pretty much a linear draw so if we can
[3:38] get a graph up I can kind of show you or the viewers exactly what that looks like um between the ages of 30 and 40 is when
[3:46] we see the most steepest decline right so a man that's 35 for instance is going
[3:52] to have about 76% of what they would normally have in terms of testosterone when they were 25
[3:59] now that doesn't mean that that they're necessarily going to see any symptoms of low testosterone but it certainly means
[4:06] that they do have LS in their bloodstream and how would that be presented would they experience
[4:13] symptoms yes um so someone that does actually get symptoms the most common
[4:19] symptoms would be uh sexual symptoms so things like erectile dysfunction uh and low sex drive okay um
[4:28] so one of the earliest signs or kind of earliest ways to tell is uh morning
[4:33] erections so what happens with testosterone if you look at a graph during the day the peak generally
[4:39] happens in the morning and basically that's why men get erection they wake up with an erection in the morning now if
[4:45] that's something that's normal for you and then all of a sudden you're seeing less and less of that yeah that's pretty
[4:51] good sign that your testosterone levels will drop in okay um and I suppose it's
[4:57] fair to say that it for example if you're experiencing difficulties with um
[5:03] maintaining an erection it's not necessarily to do with a testosterone so always do follow up with your general
[5:09] practitioner because there could be a variety of different conditions that could be contributing to that no
[5:15] absolutely so a lot of people come uh come into forums or they go to a
[5:20] doctor and say okay um you know I think I might have low testosterone uh but in
[5:25] reality you know they have a very bad diet they drink a lot they don't they don't go to the gym they don't exercise
[5:33] enough and then think that this is going to be you know a magic solution but the
[5:38] reality is that those things the healthy lifestyle things that you need to do need to come before that so whenever you
[5:46] diagnosing someone with lot sterone they need to get those basics in mind so they need to make sure that they're having a
[5:53] healthy lifestyle which is they're going to be having 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 70 5 minutes of
[6:01] high-intensity exercise every week uh their diet is going to be good they're not going to consume a lot of alcohol
[6:09] and they're not going to smoke yeah okay so if you have those things in order you
[6:15] know it's kind of like low hanging fruit really yeah um then you can go ahead and get your testosterone checked okay which
[6:22] brings us to our next question how do we do that so let's say I'm a male patient and I do everything right in terms of
[6:30] um the kind of Lifestyle measures and I still am experiencing symptoms what would be the next
[6:36] steps yes so what we want to do is what's called a Venus blood test so
[6:42] basically we taking blood from a vein it's it's not something like a finger prick one the issue is that the finger
[6:47] prick blood tests uh they've proven to be unreliable so when you want to
[6:52] diagnose someone we want to be 100% sure that this person has low testosterone so
[6:58] when I whenever anyone asked I would recommend you know go get a Venus blood test you can get a fotus and get that
[7:04] done uh and that's something that's going to that's going to contain your whole hormone profile yeah so we want to
[7:10] see things like testosterone pre testosterone lutenizing hormone follicle
[7:16] stimulating hormone and estrogen yeah and you also want to look at your cholesterol and we want to look at your
[7:24] liver values as well and the generally a full blood count so we want to have a whole workout full picture what's going
[7:30] on really before that that clinician can make that decision absolutely now that's really really useful um I'm sure um a
[7:37] lot of um as you said um you you come across you type in Google you go into
[7:43] lots of different forums um or in my cases there's so many situation where I've been into the gym and I could just
[7:49] hear very young men you know talking to each other about oh yeah you know I just did a finger flood test and you know my
[7:55] lo I have a l testosterone and they kind of just um almost prescribe testosterone
[8:01] for each other within a gym setting which is definitely not advisable so please if you do have symptoms um we
[8:07] cannot emphasize on the fact that you do need to go and see a clinician have a full blood test as Oscar mentioned and
[8:13] to make sure that you establish a diagnosis before taking any sort of treatment no absolutely no I completely
[8:20] agree with you and there's a dis I think there's a stigma as well with testostrone replacement therapy
[8:26] connecting it to to bodybuilding and abuse use y uh which really is really
[8:32] not the case uh because what we're doing is uh you know we're giving someone a gel that's going to bring their
[8:37] testosterone levels within the normal range um if you look at the blood levels
[8:43] for a bodybuilder for instance they might have 10 times the normal testosterone and that testosterone might
[8:49] not be the natural hormone it might actually be synthetic anabolic steroids as well which are much more powerful so
[8:56] it's completely different and yes the stigma and I think it's um it's something that we need to change and kind of have a different view about to
[9:03] stockr replacement therapy this is really interesting because and I know this is not the topic that we we're
[9:09] talking about however um going back maybe 10 20 years I feel like we were
[9:15] here for female hrts yeah and I'm sure you would agree with me there's been a
[9:21] lot of awareness around female um hormon replacement therapy and I feel like
[9:26] that's where where we are and hopefully from this part CL onward we will be raising awareness about how important
[9:32] and under recognized and under diagnosed um this whole field of um male
[9:38] testosterone uh levels have been as well so um hopefully we could um absolutely
[9:44] so when we looking at some of the data on this um we were seeing that there were 13 million female HRT prescriptions
[9:53] issued just last year alone so that's actually serving 2.6 million patients
[10:00] um now that's a whole lot um but we the the the amount of actual people on the
[10:05] trt of men on trt is not even 1% of that um and when we're looking some of the
[10:11] studies we see that the prevailance of trt or low to St drone is actually quite
[10:17] high it's a lot higher than we think um so in men over the age of 45 the study
[10:23] showing that up to 40% of men are below the normal threshold and they should be
[10:29] on so when I I did the maps on this uh the other day actually um so when you work
[10:35] out the demographics it was just over 5 million P patients and that's just
[10:41] that's just meant over the age of 45 that would actually should be on trt and it it's interesting that we
[10:49] don't treat them because of this whole stigma around okay we shouldn't be we shouldn't be using to stop Strom uh but
[10:54] in reality there was actually another study that showed that by doing so so this was an economic study basically
[11:01] saying okay if we if we treat these people or how much money are we going to send uh and it was about 3,000 per
[11:08] patient per year that we would save the NHS if we treated these patients with
[11:14] trt and why is that yeah and that's because you're reducing um weight so
[11:19] there's a lot of health risks associated with weight okay uh and we're also improving mental health oh wow so these
[11:26] two massive things that um a lot of men struggle with that's really CH a lot of issues that
[11:32] that it's not spoken about as well especially with mental health um there's a whole again stigma that men don't
[11:39] intend to speak about it and it kind of just spirals exactly and I think you
[11:45] have to consider the fact that especially with the sexual side effects uh if someone has a Rec dysfunction if
[11:52] they have really low sex drive uh it's not going to translate to very good mental health you know if someone's got
[11:58] a rect this now that be a very happy person um so it's something that that
[12:03] can be tackled but should be tackled more absolutely and I do to in my
[12:09] day-to-day practice as well I come across um many many scenarios with a lot of patients as well where they kind of
[12:16] voice that they don't feel comfortable talking about this with their family members or even with their GP um I know
[12:22] that R GP is as a family friend as well so I suppose you know just if you don't
[12:28] feel comfortable with the regular GP that you have please don't feel like you can't reach out to someone else so there
[12:35] there's a vast amount of help absolutely and I think the problem is or a big part of the problem is that GPS um simply
[12:42] don't have the kind of expertise that's that's needed to initiate therapy or I
[12:49] kind of know exactly what the level should be um and and it's funny that you mentioned this so I was in in America
[12:56] not too long ago and we just had like kind of meeting with a few men we were about between the ages of 35 and 40 uh
[13:04] and then we were just saying you know which which one of you guys is on trt and almost half the guys there you know
[13:11] out of out of 10 men said uh yeah we I'm I'm a trt and I think that's something
[13:17] that you just wouldn't see in this country because one like not a lot of people know it's available and two
[13:23] there's because of that stigma all L people are embarrassed they're going to think that people are going to judge them because they're on to your
[13:29] yeah and at the end of the day it is again another I wouldn't I mean would you call it it's it's an illness would
[13:36] you categorize it as an illness this is really interesting you know when I was doing my research and there's this whole
[13:43] push for how do we view aging and a lot
[13:48] of people don't view aging as a disease or a disease state so a lot of GPS will
[13:54] Pro to say well you've got erectile dysfunction but it's kind of normal because you getting old yeah well is it
[14:02] or should we consider that kind of something that we can treat if we have the means and the treatment that's
[14:07] available it's something that we should be treating because ultimately it's going to improve someone's mental health
[14:13] they it's going to reduce their chances of um cardiovascular evence yeah and it's going to improve their quality of
[14:19] life okay I mean that these sounds are all amazing and thank you so much for all the information You' provided right
[14:25] so askcar um there's a big question about who is it not suitable for so who cannot
[14:32] take trt treatment so the first thing that comes to mind for me is men that
[14:38] really want to have children so we're going again into this concept of
[14:43] fertility when you get someone external testosterone basically reduces their sperm production now a lot of the
[14:51] studies actually show that that's reversible but not 100% of the cases so
[14:56] if someone is if that's a priority for someone yeah I would say don't start trt
[15:02] okay it's safer for you to take something like a testosterone booster like HCG yeah that's going to increase
[15:07] your testosterone up to some up to a certain extent and it's going to increase your
[15:13] fertility um so that would be the better option for those mad okay now I do want to get this right so people with certain
[15:20] blood disorders uh prostate and breast cancer cardiac or liver disease also shouldn't
[15:28] be taken t uh if they have a history of clots Strokes heart attacks or very high
[15:34] cholesterol it's a big danger sign to a clinician okay it is a it's not necessarily a no no but it means that
[15:41] that's going to be a decision between that clinician and the patient uh everything is obviously going to be a a
[15:47] risk and benefit scenario you got to have to weigh the risk versus the benefits right I mean even on things like um contraceptive pill it's going to
[15:55] increase your chances of certain um Strokes card vular vents or cancers but
[16:00] it's going to give you another benefit so this is a discussion that needs to be had uh with the clinician okay the other
[16:08] thing is men that don't like doing blood tests when you're on trt you're going to
[16:14] have to get you know a Venus test and you're going to have to have routine tests just to make sure that we're
[16:20] having a look at what your Bloods are looking like um as we said before testosterone can increase red blood
[16:27] cells which can actually then put you at higher risk of strokes and heart attacks is it because sorry is it because it
[16:32] makes it more sticky your blood essentially yeah yeah let's put it simply yeah yeah so I mean you know
[16:37] personally I don't like needles as well of course um but it's just something that you have to it's just something you
[16:43] have to overcome if you want to be on trt is just part of that so unfortunately if you're if you're not
[16:49] going to be doing regular blood tests you really shouldn't be looking at TR okay so I have a question here and with
[16:55] the monitoring that's required with testosterone therapy does it have to be a Venus so draw blood from or can they
[17:02] just do it like a finger prick test the initial diagnosis should be the Venus blood Prest because you want to make
[17:09] sure that you're actually keeping them in that range absolutely and you're on the ma uh the optimum uh dose that
[17:14] because there's not one fits all there's different types of I think it's really worth mentioning as well that um don't
[17:21] listen to you know Tom down at the gym and I'm sorry that I keep going back to the gym it has to come from a um heal
[17:29] professional and it's really really important that you know you don't say oh my friend just told me to do two pumps
[17:36] of testosterone on my arm yeah without any testing without any testing it's this like gy BR mentality absolutely
[17:43] yeah so it really does have to be based on your blood test results and an appropriate do absolutely I mean and
[17:48] just going back to the testing as well not only for the testost rep placement therapy if you're testing regularly if
[17:56] there's something wrong with your blood you're going to be uh going to stay on top of that much sooner so testing
[18:02] regularly is actually a really healthy thing for you to be doing anyway okay that's good to know if you like needles
[18:08] days yeah and like it just stick to the bare minimum to be honest we are getting
[18:13] some um saliva test as well now uh and and the finger prick butt tests really aren't that that invasive you know I've
[18:20] done one the other day it wasn't too bad okay that's amaz I bet you're going to
[18:25] love the saliva test though yeah saliva test must be space for the saliva
[18:30] testing of course um and just going back to the blood test as well what is the is there a specific uh range that that the
[18:37] patient needs to be aware of to qualify for uh low testosterone treatment so
[18:43] this is an interesting topic when when you talk about you know what's the actual threshold M um the normal range
[18:51] typically is between 8 and 30 nanomer it depends on the lab and the problem is
[18:56] when you do a lab test they give you a range that range typically doesn't take age into account some Labs do now
[19:03] actually say okay we within this age range but most don't so the normal
[19:08] standard is 12 so if you're below 12 that typically means that you're going
[19:13] to qualify for testost from replacement therapy but we have to remember that
[19:19] it's symptoms and blood test so if someone is showing symptoms of low
[19:26] testosterone and having a low low testosterone level that is when you treat if they're not showing any
[19:32] symptoms typically it's not something that that you would treat and just to add to to that as well um it must be
[19:39] other condition must be rolled out before they go ahead with with the treatment with trt yeah what what you
[19:46] mean by other U so by other conditions so let's say if they're having erical dysfunction and they borderline on let's
[19:53] say that blood test comes back as 12 um and there is no other factors for the
[19:59] ectal dysfunction to explain it then testosterone could be an explanation and treatment will be appropriate for that
[20:05] yeah exactly but every or most clinicians will say you know get the LIF sta actors in place before you come and
[20:11] get the blood test uh once you have the blood test you going to make a decision if something's borderline if you're just
[20:17] over 12 for instance yeah you might have to rerun the test the thing with testosterone is quite variable so you
[20:24] get like peak in the morning and then it just drops so you want to make sure that you've gotten accurate assessment that
[20:30] we're taking that BL test and we're making sure testosterone placement is a commitment right so when you start
[20:37] testosterone it's something that's going to be long term right uh and you're going to be doing the testing and you're
[20:42] going to be you know taking that medication for a long time so before we
[20:48] make that decision of saying oh you got low testosterone that diagnosis we really have to be true I see okay and um
[20:56] could you explain a little bit more about the commitment so if you're seeking this privately as well there's
[21:01] also the financial commitment to it the monitoring and you know just
[21:07] following through with the treatment the compliance with the treatment as well so what is it is it a long-term you know I
[21:13] mean you have to take it for many many years what happens if you suddenly stop it tell us more about that so we have to
[21:20] consider the fact that if you taking testosterone your body wants to stay in a in a state of balance of equilibrium
[21:27] right y so if you're putting in external testosterone and your body's going to say okay well we've got enough of that
[21:35] I'm going to make even less of this natural testosterone okay so as you can imagine if you just abruptly stop you're
[21:42] going to be in a worse position than you started so you're going to have even lower testosterone than before uh which
[21:49] means that your symptoms are going to come back potentially even worse and it's just not going to be a
[21:54] healthy position I see um so it's something it's something that's tend to be reversible so it means I mean you can
[22:00] come off to Stu from replacement therapy but it really shouldn't be done aboly
[22:06] and when it's done it's normally done long term and I'm talking years and years and years I see okay so have that
[22:13] discussion with your clinician before you start committing to it absolutely so people just need to know what they're
[22:18] getting into they need to know the side effects and they need to know the implications of doing something long ter
[22:24] to your body and of course the financial implications it's not particularly going be cheap either of course absolutely um
[22:30] you you mentioned it yourself side effect so as we know there's no medication out there even parasal has
[22:36] like the longest list of side effects so tell us more about what to expect
[22:42] initially um or longterm in terms of long-term side effects yeah absolutely so you I like you said you know I took a
[22:49] box of iprof and the other day and and and I was looking at side effects and you know like 20 different side effects
[22:55] there so with any medication anything that you're putting into your body can have side effect the thing is though
[23:01] testosterone is something that you normally have in your body for men any on women as well but much less um so
[23:08] putting in a natural hormone into your body is not the same as putting a a foreign pharmaceutical in so in theory
[23:16] it's actually not as dangerous um there are side effects of course and generally
[23:21] you see those side effects and bodybuilders you know you have aggression you have oily skin um you've
[23:27] got high blood pressure increased cholesterol in the bloodstream those are things that you generally see in
[23:33] bodybuilders because they've taken that those you know 10 times lot um typically
[23:39] you don't really see that in people just on trt the things that you do have to be
[23:44] mindful of are the red blood cell count yeah uh as we said before so this is why
[23:50] testosterone is used in doping right and cycling and and swimming Etc what it does is increase your red blood cell
[23:56] count that means you're going to have stronger endurance the problem is increasing red blood cell counter it
[24:02] puts you in at a risk of stroke heart attack it makes your blood stick here as you said right um so that's something
[24:09] that definitely you need to keep an eye on the other thing that I do want to mention as well people that are
[24:15] genetically prone to hair loss okay um you're putting in testosterone that's
[24:20] going to convert into DHT right which is a an even stronger anabolic and then that's going to actually potentially
[24:26] make you lose your her faster um so it's one of those things that people should
[24:32] probably consider taking uh anti-androgen like faside when they're
[24:37] taking testosterone therapy is they're prone to a genetically if they have a family history of boldness ET it's
[24:42] really really important okay um and in terms of um this the lifestyle support
[24:47] that is required for trt what would you recommend we briefly touched up on doing
[24:53] changing making those um lifestyle changes before we start trt but what do we do after we we've uh initiated the
[25:01] treatment so it's very much the same as what you do before you know that healthy lifestyle that you should be leading
[25:08] should be going after the testosterone as well is it not a magical treatment
[25:14] you know taking your testostrone level to normal levels is not going to make you all of a sudden get very muscular
[25:21] it's not going to make you someone like bronnie or Jak CER I don't know if you know who that is probably know this it's
[25:28] it's not going to make you a bodybuilder right this is not a magic solution so what you still need to do is make sure
[25:33] you get in the exercise and go to the gym you should be doing some some weight training yeah make sure you eat a
[25:39] balanced diet you shouldn't be eating too much fat that can increase your cholesterol with with testosterone
[25:44] therapy H and you you know you need to make sure that you're not drinking too much alcohol and you're not smoking as
[25:51] well so this is notal routine stuff of course absolutely for any healthy lifestyle which I'm sure we have been
[25:57] banging on about in every episode that we've done so far ex absolutely so Oscar
[26:02] what are the treatment options out there for patients typically we're talking a gel
[26:09] so it's a topical formulation or we have injections MH or um tablets so I'll show
[26:15] you I've actually brought one of these so this is one kind of most common gels
[26:21] uh and what you do here is you got a little pump dispenser and what happens is every morning you wake up do two
[26:27] pumps of this put it on the shoulders this area here yeah and that's it so so
[26:32] very easy to use very kind of user friendly amazing and that is also
[26:37] available in sachche forms as well so sachche forms if you're traveling for instance are quite handy and you could
[26:43] use the as a s well okay amazing um probably not the injections for yourself
[26:50] the the injections are more common in the states the injections kind of are only used if you need to use more to St
[26:57] Strom rather than the gels if someone for example has small children as well you don't want them actually touching
[27:03] that gel you don't want have them to have access the injections can be done uh they don't have to be done every day
[27:09] so you can do them less frequently as well so for some people it works better that's actually a really good point I
[27:14] didn't even think about you know I know I have young children they're constantly you know crawling all over me if I was
[27:20] to use a topical treatment yeah now of them be good yeah exactly so you have to be very careful if you're using a gel
[27:26] just make sure you keep that away from children and and any women as well we shouldn't be touching that of course would that be
[27:33] specifically pregnant woman to bearing yes exactly someone's pregnantly specifically don't want to be you know
[27:39] taking external testosterone so you want to make sure you're putting that in the safe place away from from anymore okay
[27:45] and how long does it take to absorb into your skin till it's safe to touch it's very um usually very quick so
[27:53] when you put that on about you know 10 15 minutes and then you just put you know your shirt on and go about your day
[28:00] um so after that it's not really going to be an issue it's quite sticky so the problem is if you're putting on your hands yeah you really want to wash your
[28:07] hands very thoroughly because you'll be surprised how sticky it is and how much residue will remain on that so you don't
[28:12] want to be putting it on not washing your hands and then you know handing your children of course so that's one
[28:17] thing to keep in mind okay that's really really um useful to know uh thank you for that and are there any other
[28:23] formulations that are available other than the most convenient ones which is
[28:28] the pump dispenses there's um like I said we talked about the injections so you can
[28:34] have the injections they're a bit less common um but they certainly are out there MH uh there was a gel so and a
[28:41] soft the problem is when you're taking dyrone internally it's not really as
[28:47] effective it gets broken down in your stomach basically so they're not really that effective there's also a what's
[28:53] really exciting actually a nasal spray coming out um it's coming out I think it's come out in America but it's making
[28:58] its way to the UK so this that's an interesting solution as well okay because it's obviously just going
[29:04] systematically in your bloodstream rather than having yeah it's yeah it's bypassing it's bypassing your stomach
[29:09] and your C hepatic metabolism so it's going straight into the bloodstream which is quite cool hope that sounds really exciting um and how long does it
[29:16] take for these treatments to start working so steroids are the way that they work anyway is they actually
[29:22] supposed to go into the cell nucleus so they have to bypass they have to go to the cell wall and into the on eus it
[29:28] takes a while okay so to see the full effect of steroids uh it's on a basis of
[29:35] days and weeks so normally between one and two weeks before you start noticing the benefits I see okay and what about
[29:42] the long-term benefits from it so the long-term benefits are really interesting and and this is kind of what
[29:49] I did what my research was based on so should be good get comfortable that so
[29:56] when you take testosterone for a certain amount of time time U it starts affecting your skeletal muscle we talk
[30:01] about skeletal muscle it's your muscle that kind of makes you move right see uh and when you do that when you look at
[30:08] this the structure of a Skil muscle is very different their muscle cells are really cool and this is some ly stuff
[30:14] well basically they're long strand they have multiple nuclei unlike most other cells and they will have what's called
[30:21] satellite cells so on on the kind of the on the cell membrane you have these cells and they're really interesting
[30:28] because are stem cells okay so what happens is they kind of go into action when the muscle is
[30:34] damaged now different people have different amounts of satellite cells but
[30:39] what we do know is when you take testostrone those satellite cell levels go up and we can actually see uh you
[30:46] know a little diagram can see the difference between a normal muscle cell when that has testosterone you can see a
[30:51] lot more satellites out there H and the important thing is when when you age yeah you're going to keep those
[30:57] satellites s okay so what's what happens is a lot of elderly people develop
[31:04] what's called sarcopenia and that means kind of a degeneration of muscle Y and this leads to um you know problem with
[31:12] movement it makes them less active and it just it creates a lesser quality of
[31:18] life uh when you have more satellite cells in your elderly years it means that you're going to be able to
[31:24] regenerate that muscle and you're going to be able to St stay mobile for longer
[31:29] and this is this is something that we really studied um quite furly and it's really exciting and that's kind of the
[31:35] benefit of of taking testosterone because ultim aside from the you know the the immediate benefits you're going
[31:42] to see that benefit when you get older so you're going to be able to you know stay active you're going to be able to
[31:47] do things for longer uh and that I think is really important because your quality of life is going to be extended that is
[31:54] really powerful stuff thank you for that um and I'm a little bit jealous because I feel like I also need testosterone not
[32:00] to get is it such a thing for females as well well it's funny because I mean
[32:06] females have much lower levels as testosterone but as you know there's also the kind of the the move to to give
[32:13] them small amounts and this is mostly for you know sexual benefits I think you know having a like a low Lio incre sex
[32:21] drive and things like that but certainly yeah because females have a much higher
[32:26] sensitivity to testosterone so you don't actually have to give him a whole lot even that small amount in theory should
[32:33] be giving you the same benefits as a man with you know much larger doses of course that's really and it still
[32:38] affects the satellite cells as well in both genders that's that's really interesting so osar is weight gain a big
[32:45] symptom of flow testosterone in men yes so weight gain is one of the first signs
[32:52] uh that someone might be having lotr MH uh and it's actually a really
[32:58] interesting phenomenon so what happens is when your testostrone levels go down your weight gain goes up your fat
[33:07] gain goes up and what happens is in the fat tissue testosterone is converted
[33:13] more into estrogen right so you're going to have more estrogen in your body and even less testosterone wow okay they see
[33:20] what's happening so what's really happening is that this this vicious cycle of you having low low testosterone
[33:28] gaining more weight and then having even lower just I see what you mean yeah U So
[33:34] eventually what happens is you're going to get what's called metabolic syndrome and you're going to have a higher risk
[33:41] of diabetes type two diabetes right and have a higher chance of heart attack and
[33:46] strokes and ultimately it's it's also it's going to affect your mental um
[33:51] mental health as well because you you're going to see a lot of people that I speak to you know they say I'm eating
[33:57] the same that I have I'm still exercising and I'm you know I'm not
[34:02] gaining muscle and I'm gaining a lot of fat you know my my waist size is increasing and what's happening here and
[34:09] what's happening is is they're decreasing in testostrone and they're kind of uh starting this cycle right um
[34:17] and it's it's something that's very unhealthy actually because it means that people are less active right they're having a higher
[34:24] chance of all these cardiovascular events uh um and it's it's something
[34:29] that can be easily reversed if you have the testosterone therapy before they
[34:35] develop complications such as heart disease or stroke and yes exactly that's
[34:40] kind of why we talked about the benefits right so we said you know it's actually it's actually really beneficial for
[34:46] people to have the right and now talking about people that have well distr here so if you fix that then you can you can
[34:53] kind of turn this cycle up you can go back to them being in a in the much
[34:58] healthier weight and that's really important as you know you know people like in general being overweight is very
[35:03] very unhealthy absolutely yeah and then I I just never thought about the the
[35:08] Vicious Cycle of low Testo lower testosterone and then increased in estrogen yes it's really interesting
[35:15] yeah so what happens in Pat tissue is actually that testosterone is converted
[35:21] it's what we say aromatized into estrogen um so inevitably a person that
[35:26] is heavier has higher estrogen levels as well okay um which is kind of plays back
[35:32] into kind of the the need for blood test as well because if you say if you have someone that started on a high weight
[35:39] and then all of a sudden or geing the testosterone and they also have high estrogen we' like to see that estrogen
[35:44] drop okay so completely random question that just came into my mind as well and
[35:50] I'm only saying this because we've been doing the mjara podcast and I don't want to shed light on on your uh expertise in
[35:56] terms of testosterone but someone for example who is struggling with their weight and they have done the blood test
[36:03] with the low test social would they still be able to use weight loss treatments alongside
[36:09] testosterone that's an interesting question uh again when we talk about testosterone it's not a foreign drug MH
[36:17] so you you know so the difference between someone having you know 12 nanomer and and 25 n it it's it's not
[36:24] like they're having a different drug so there wouldn't be a different interaction you're having when you're taking for example a weight loss
[36:30] treatment I see okay um I think it's still important to take to make sure you're doing the Bloods yeah and make
[36:36] sure because I know with um some of the weight loss treatments it can affect some of your blood so I I would make
[36:41] sure you know you're still staying on top of that but the thing is obviously the the weight loss treatments have their own contraindications of course so
[36:48] always have to be sure that you're actually looking at those as well of course oh thank you so much for that because I didn't really want to bring up
[36:54] another episode into this but I mean it is health and it is all kind of related
[37:00] to each other so it's also good to be mindful whether um someone who struggling with their weight if if it is
[37:06] to do with testosterone can benefit from a helping hand from another medication so yes exactly and I think it's just
[37:12] making sure that we staying doing things systematically you know making sure that someone has got the healthy lifestyle in
[37:17] place then they've got their testosterone levels corrected yeah then at that point you know are they still
[37:23] struggling with white do we need to then add if we don't need to do if all it is
[37:28] is a matter of you know correcting diet and going to the gym and we you know we should definitely go that route yeah and
[37:35] then after that we can consider all the treatment of course absolutely and um we have been referring a lot in this
[37:41] episode to going to the gym as well yeah so just to clarify you don't need to go to the gym as long as you are exercising
[37:48] according to the stand yeah I know I've probably said this so many times through this whole episode as well just go to
[37:55] the gym you know yeah of course I mean the guidance again what is it you know 150 minutes moderate exercise a week you
[38:02] can do that you know jogging outside doesn't necessarily um you know it doesn't necessarily have to be in a gym
[38:09] the reason I say that is because the St replacement um it can get that benefit that muscle benefit if you're also
[38:15] adding weightlifting as well so you know two or three times a week weightlifting gives you a benefit to the to the skill
[38:21] muscle okay to just strengthen the muscles yeah and and when you have you know when you have a higher amount of of
[38:27] lean muscle that means your met base metabolic rate she goes up which means it's going to be easier for you to stay
[38:35] a healthy weight thank you for sharing that absolutely learned so much every time I I have anyone on the guest but
[38:41] this was super interesting thank you so much it's very exciting thank you hopefully everyone will get you know a benefit from this and um you know we
[38:49] didn't we didn't really go into much kind of very specific things uh but I think that's kind of by Design but if
[38:55] anyone wants to ask more specific spefic questions hopefully we'll get some questions in the comments that we can answer yeah no that would be absolutely
[39:02] um amazing if anyone's got um any questions please reach out and I'm sure Oscar would be thrill to answer those
[39:08] questions absolutely if I can I'll try yes thank you so much Oscar it really has been very um interesting to learn so
[39:15] much about testosterone not something that I have a lot of knowledge about
[39:20] when it comes to the science I know all about the prescribing of it but not so much the detail science and what happens
[39:26] into um anat to me of it's been really fun thank you should definitely do it again 100% absolutely this brings us to
[39:32] the end of the podcast thank you for joining us and once again thank you a thank you very much